Which of the following is essential for effective handwashing?

The importance of scrubbing hands thoroughly under running water stems from the need to physically remove dirt, bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens from the skin's surface. This process not only cleans the hands but also helps to dislodge microbes that may be present. The act of scrubbing for an adequate duration ensures that all areas of the hands, including under the nails and between the fingers, are thoroughly cleaned.

Additionally, using running water is critical because it helps to wash away the contaminants that have been loosened during the scrubbing process, further enhancing the effectiveness of handwashing. This comprehensive approach is supported by guidelines from public health organizations that emphasize the importance of both scrubbing and rinsing with water to achieve proper hygiene.